Sensitization with immunotherapy in patients with food allergy: an integrative literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58951/dataset.2024.026Keywords:
Immunotherapy, Food allergy, Desensitization, Systematic review, Efficacy, SafetyAbstract
Food allergies are immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune responses to dietary proteins, with symptoms ranging from mild (urticaria) to severe (anaphylaxis). Immunotherapy, particularly Oral Immunotherapy (OIT), involves the gradual administration of increasing doses of the allergenic food to desensitize the immune system, thereby reducing the severity of allergic reactions. This integrative review assessed the efficacy and safety of OIT in patients with food allergies. A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane Library, covering the past ten years. Studies published in Portuguese and English that addressed immunotherapy for food allergies were included. The review of 25 studies demonstrated that OIT significantly reduced allergic symptoms and improved patients' quality of life, notably in cases of peanut, milk, and egg allergies. A meta-analysis focusing on cow's milk allergy indicated enhanced milk tolerance in children undergoing OIT. However, OIT for peanut allergies was associated with minor allergic reactions, warranting careful attention. The efficacy of OIT varied based on patient age and the specific type of food allergy, with better outcomes observed in younger children and in allergies to milk and nuts. While OIT shows promise, it requires rigorous monitoring due to the risk of adverse reactions. Personalized treatment approaches are essential for therapeutic success. Ongoing research is crucial to enhance the safety and efficacy of food desensitization in the long term.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Julia Santana Santos Cotta, Thays Caroline Adriano do Nascimento Murad, Daniel Freitas Cotta
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